bitcoin-WIF钱包秘钥相关

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Wallet Import Format (WIF, also known as Wallet Export Format)
is a way of encoding a private ECDSA key so as to make it easier to copy.

Private key to WIF

  1. Take a private key
    0C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D
  2. Add a 0x80 byte in front of it for mainnet addresses or 0xef for testnet addresses. Also add a 0x01 byte at the end if the private key will correspond to a compressed public key
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7C_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_AE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D
  3. Perform SHA-256 hash on the extended key
    8147786C4D15106333BF278D71DADAF1079EF2D2440A4DDE37D747DED5403592
  4. Perform SHA-256 hash on result of SHA-256 hash
    507A5B8DFED0FC6FE8801743720CEDEC06AA5C6FCA72B07C49964492FB98A714
  5. Take the first 4 bytes of the second SHA-256 hash, this is the checksum
    507A5B8D
  6. Add the 4 checksum bytes from point 5 at the end of the extended key from point 2
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC8_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_6D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D507A5B8D
  7. Convert the result from a byte string into a base58 string using Base58Check encoding. This is the Wallet Import Format
    5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDk_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_u4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ

WIF to private key

  1. Take a Wallet Import Format string
    5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDk_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_u4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ
  2. Convert it to a byte string using Base58Check encoding
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D507A5B8D
  3. Drop the last 4 checksum bytes from the byte string
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D
  4. Drop the first byte (it should be 0x80). If the private key corresponded to a compressed public key, also drop the last byte (it should be 0x01). If it corresponded to a compressed public key, the WIF string will have started with K or L instead of 5 (or c instead of 9 on testnet). This is the private key.
    0C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE1_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_1EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D

WIF checksum checking

  1. Take the Wallet Import Format string
    5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BD_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_ku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ
  2. Convert it to a byte string using Base58Check encoding
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11E_SAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_DO_NOT_IMPORT_C86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D507A5B8D
  3. Drop the last 4 checksum bytes from the byte string
    800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D
  4. Perform SHA-256 hash on the shortened string
    8147786C4D15106333BF278D71DADAF1079EF2D2440A4DDE37D747DED5403592
  5. Perform SHA-256 hash on result of SHA-256 hash
    507A5B8DFED0FC6FE8801743720CEDEC06AA5C6FCA72B07C49964492FB98A714
  6. Take the first 4 bytes of the second SHA-256 hash, this is the checksum
    507A5B8D
  7. Make sure it is the same, as the last 4 bytes from point 2
    507A5B8D
  8. If they are, and the byte string from point 2 starts with 0x80 (0xef for testnet addresses), then there is no error.

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