区块链概念-lightning network

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Scalable, Instant Bitcoin/Blockchain Transactions

the Lightning Network (LN) is a fix for both transaction costs and speeds. Lightening Network is neither a hard fork or softfork but “an additional layer.” It is a fix that allows for instant low cost transactions for Bitcoin and other coins likelitecoin using a bunch of tricks (it has also been embraced by Ethereum under the name Plasma). The Lightening Network alsoallows for cross platform atomic swaps, meaning one could use it to trade one coin to another without an exchange (for example,Bitcoin to Litecoin). Like SegWit2x, LN is predicated on SegWit’s code change. See details on how LN workshere.

由于 bitcoin 产生区块的时间间隔和区块大小的限制，导致了 bitcoin 的可扩展问题。为了提升交易效率提出了一些解决方案。
lightning network 是其中一个。

区块大小的限制成为瓶颈，导致手续费的上升和处理交易的延迟。

lightning network 是构建于区块链上面的 第二层 支付协议，主要目的是增加交易效率。
通过双向小额支付网络实现不需要资金代理托管的点对点支付系统

通常的使用时通过向相关的区块链提交一笔资金配额交易来打开支付通道，随后可以提交任意笔 Lightning 交易来更新暂定的通道资金配额，
不向区块链发送广播。可选的通过广播通道资金的最终交易来关闭支付通道。

为了实现上面的想法，Lightning 网络需要一种交易可延展性的补丁，例如：bitcoin 的隔离见证 Segregated Witness (SegWit) BIP141

相关历史：
Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja published the Lightning white paper in 2015