英语基础语法-11进行时态和完成时态
Progressive and Perfect Tense
进行时态（Progressive Tense）
用来表示一个动作在过去，现在，将来的某个时刻正在进行。
进行时态的动词形式是”be”动词+ing构成的。
run
- I am running a marathon right now. (present progressive)
- I was running a marathon at this time last year. (past progressive)
- I will be running a marathon next Sunday. (future progressive)
eat
- I am eating lunch now.
- I was eating lunch when you saw me.
- I will be eating lunch in the meeting.
learn
- I am learning English at my desk.
- I was learning English the last two years.
- I will be learning English then.
cook
- I am cooking my supper now.
- I was cooking our dinner when you called me.
- I will be cooking breakfast by the time you come home.
完成时态（Perfect Tense）
现在完成时（present perfect tense）描述一个动作从过去开始持续到现在。
使用has/have + 动词过去分词形式
过去完成时（past perfect tense）描述一个动作从开始到结束都是在过去的时间。
使用had + 动词过去分词形式
将来完成时（future perfect tense）描述一个将来的动作在某个动作之前发生。
will have + 动词过去分词形式
run
- I have run several marathons this year. (present perfect)
- I had run many marathons in the past. (past perfect)
- I will have run a marathon by the time I turn 30. (future perfect)
learn
- I have learned a lot about English grammar this semester.
- I had learned the basics of English grammar in elementary school.
- I will have learned a lot about English grammar when I finish college.
known
- I have known her since I was young.
- I had known her until she passed away.
- I will have known her for 20 years next month.
cook
- I have cooked supper every night this week.
- I had cooked supper every night until the stove broke.
- I will have cooked supper every night by the time this diet ends.
练习
使用下面的句子造过去，现在，将来进行时。
I sing a song on the big stage.
使用正确的动词形式填空
- He (exercise) hard since last year.
- I (study) math as my major since high school.
答案：
I am singing a song on the big stage.
I was singing a song on the big stage.
I will be singing a song on the big stage.
He has exercised hard since last year.
I have studied math as my major since high school.